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Stepladders and ladders should be tested systematically at all sites where such structures are used. Continuous monitoring of their technical condition is an essential part of ensuring the safety of the facility.
Stairs and ladders are tested in accordance with GOST, which defines:
- timing of tests;
- test results on the basis of which the product is considered fit;
- signs of insufficient structural strength;
- the procedure and place for placing information about the tests carried out, etc.
Testing stairs in accordance with GOST guarantees the safety of their use throughout the deadline operation (until the next test).
Test of portable ladders and stepladders: features of the
Testing of ladders and ladders in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents should be carried out after their manufacture, as well as overhaul. The rest of the time, the designs are tested once a year.
Mechanical testing of stairs consists in organizing a static load on the steps and bowstrings of the product. For each design modification, a test load is determined, which is applied to the corresponding elements and maintained for two minutes. The product is considered to have passed the test if no damage has appeared in the structure.
Testing metal ladders of sliding and attached type involves installing them on a solid surface at an angle of 75 degrees to the horizontal plane. A wall or any other vertical building structure is used as the second support. Static tests of ladders of the attached and sliding types consist in applying a load to the steps in the middle of the span and to both bowstrings. If there are no changes in design, the product is considered suitable.
Testing the strength of portable ladders
Testing ladders in accordance with GOST provides for their installation in a working position on a flat solid surface. A test load of 120 kgf is applied to an unreinforced step in the middle of the span. If both sides of the structure are working, they are checked in turn. Checking the non-working thrust knee is carried out by simultaneously applying a load of 100 kgf to the bowstrings connecting both parts of the structure.
The three-knee ladder test consists of hanging in vertical plane fully extended to a special hook. A weight of 200 kgf is attached to the lower part of the product being tested and held for several minutes. A positive test result is considered the complete absence of cracks, tears and deformations in any of the elements.
To ensure the shortest possible test times, we have developed a special test bench. It has a state certificate of conformity, it has passed mandatory periodic calibration and certification. The stand can carry out loading in the widest range of possible weights.
Based on the test results, a protocol is issued indicating the procedures and test results for each ladder.
Testing is possible both at the customer's site and in the own laboratory of TechnoVik RDC. At the same time, in both cases, the minimum error and reliability of the test results are guaranteed. We can run up to 20 tests of ladders and stepladders in 1 business day.
The life and health of the company's employees depend on the working equipment. Therefore, it is so important to check equipment, tools and materials.
You order a call on our website and get:
- detailed consultation of the manager;
- the ability to place an order by phone;
- inspection of ladders and stepladders in a laboratory or in an enterprise;
- guaranteed safety of working personnel.
1) What are the test requirements for ladders and ladders? Is a license required to test them? What is the frequency of their testing?
In accordance with Article 12 of the Federal Law dated 04.05.2011 No. 99-FZ "On licensing certain types of activities" this type of activity is not licensed.
In accordance with the Safety Regulations when working with tools and devices RD 34.03.204:
5.1.36. All portable ladders and ladders should be tested with static load after manufacture and overhaul, as well as periodically during operation;
metal ladders and stepladders - once every 12 months;
wooden ladders and stepladders -1 every 6 months;
stairs rope suspended -1 times in 6 months.
5.1.38. Ladder tests and ladders are carried out by hanging a static load from the steps and bowstrings. The duration of each test is 2 minutes.
5.1.39. For strength testing of sliding ladder rungs in the middle of the unreinforced step of the lower knee, a weight of 2 kN (200 kgf) is suspended.
Tests bowstrings are held in two steps. First, a weight of 1 kN (100 kgf) is applied to each bowstring in the middle. All knees are tested in turn. After removing the weight, a weight of 2 kN (200 kgf) is applied to both bowstrings in the middle of the middle knee (the weight can be suspended from the middle step). Spontaneous folding of the ladder it is not allowed.
Sliding knee stairs after the test, they should be free to rise and fall.
5.1.40. When testing a ladder a load of 1.2 kN (120 kgf) is suspended from one unreinforced step in the middle of the span. After removing the load, no damage should be found on the steps and in the places where they are cut into the bowstring. The rungs of stairs, the condition of which, upon examination, inspires doubt, must be additionally tested by hanging a load from them. The ladder malfunctions found during the test are eliminated, after which the test is repeated in full. The spliced \u200b\u200bladder is tested in the same way.
5.1.41. * Before testing, the ladders are installed in a working position on a flat horizontal platform. A load of 1.2 kN (120 kgf) is suspended from an unreinforced step in the middle of the stairs. If there are steps on both adjacent legs of the ladder, then after testing the first leg, the second is tested in the same way. If the second knee is not working and serves only as a stop, then it is tested with a load of 1 kN (100 kgf), suspended directly from each of the bowstrings in the middle of the knee.
When ladder bowstring test and a ladder, a weight of 1.0 kN (100 kgf) is applied to both bowstrings in the middle.
5.1.42. For testing chains, hooks and locking devices for sliding ladders the latter are suspended by hooks in a vertical position and a weight of 2 kN (200 kgf) is suspended from the bottom step. After removing the load, there should be no cracks in the welding points of the chain links, as well as deformation of these links and locking devices.
5.1.43.* Rope and metal hanging ladders tested in working position. The ladder is suspended vertically and attached to the structure with two clamps. A load of 1.2 kN (120 kgf) is suspended from the middle of the bottom step. If the metal ladder is equipped with a working platform, the load after the step test is suspended from this platform.
When absence of conditions for testing suspended ladders in the working (vertical) position, they can be tensile tested in the horizontal position, monitoring the load with a dynamometer.
Test metal folding portable ladder is carried out by suspending a load of 2.0 kN (200 kgf) to the upper stage of the seventh section (lower) for 5 minutes. At the same time, deformation, cracks and other damage that reduce the mechanical strength of a collapsible portable ladder are not allowed.
5.1.44. Date and results of periodic inspections and tests of stairs and step-ladders are recorded in the "Journal of accounting and inspection of rigging means, mechanisms and devices".
5.1.45. All ladders and stepladders must be inspected by the contractor before use without a log entry.
5.1.46. Ladders should be stored in dry rooms in places where their accidental mechanical damage is excluded.
* Climbing work is considered work performed at a height of more than 5 m from the surface. ground, floor or working floor, over which they are made directly from temporary mounting devices, structures or equipment during their installation and repair. The main means of preventing falls from a height is a safety belt.
Also see the rules on labor protection when working at height, approved by Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation of March 28, 2014 No.155
According to the requirements of clause 17.2.30 POT RO 14000-005-98 "Position. Work with increased danger. Organization of carrying out "(approved by the Ministry of Economics of Russia on February 19, 1998) before operation and every 6 months, attached and sliding ladders must be tested with a static load of 2000 N, and step-ladders - 1200 N, applied to one of the steps in the middle of the flight of the ladder installed at an angle of 75o to the horizontal plane.
According to requirements SNiP 12-03-2001“Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements"(Approved by the Gosstroy decree of 23.07.2001 No. 80), before operating the stairs, the stairs must be tested with a static load of 1200 N (120 kgf) applied to one of the steps in the middle of the stair span, which is in the operational position.
During operation, wooden stairs must be tested every six months, and metal ones - once a year.
Similar requirements are contained in clause 4.2.24 POT RM-026-2003 "Cross-sectoral rules on labor protection during the operation of gas facilities of organizations" (approved by the decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 05/12/2013 No. 27): before operation, portable ladders and stepladders must be tested with a static load of 1200 N (120 kgf); during operation, wooden ladders and stepladders must be tested once every six months, and metal ones - once a year.
The weight of the load and the place of suspension are clearly indicated in the regulatory documents, there are no requirements for checking the load.
The staircase test report can be drawn up in a convenient form, since this form is not approved by law.In the application an approximate act of technical inspection of stairs (ladders) is given.
2) Should racks and ladders be labeled for maximum load?
Shelving must match GOST R 55525-2013 « Storage equipment. Collapsible racks. General specifications». This GOST determines that
9.1 After completion of installation work, it is mandatory to install information plates with a size of at least A4 indicating the heights of storage levels and the maximum load capacity for each storage tier. These plates can be supplied or installed by the operator.
A place installation of the plate - the ends of each single or double row of racks at a height of 2 m from the floor level to the upper edge of the plate.
Ladders must comply GOST 26887-86 “Platforms and stairs for construction and installation works. General technical conditions ", approved. Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee of 04/23/1986 No. 47. In accordance with this GOST, each staircase design on one of its elements must have a plate containing the following data:
- trademark and name of the manufacturer;
- product designation (brand);
- the value of the standard load;
- product or batch number;
- date of manufacture (month, year).
Accordingly, racks and ladders must bear the manufacturer's maximum load markings.
3) What documents regulate the area norms for one workplace of an employee working on a PC?
According to SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic Requirements for Personal Computing Machines and Organization of Work", enacted by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 03.06.2003 No. 118, the area for one workplace of PC users with a VDT based on a cathode-ray tube (hereinafter - CRT) should be at least 6 m2, in the premises of cultural and entertainment institutions and with VDT based on flat discrete screens (liquid crystal, plasma) - 4.5 m2. When using a PC with a VDT based on a CRT (without auxiliary devices - a printer, a scanner, etc.) that meet the requirements of international computer safety standards, with a duration of less than 4 hours a day, a minimum area of \u200b\u200b4.5 m2 is allowed per user workplace (adult and student of higher professional education).
4) Who should re-instruct department heads?
In accordance with current legislation the obligation to conduct repeated briefings rests with those workers who conduct the initial briefing on labor protection. So, in accordance with clause 1.3 of GOST 12.0.004-90 "Organization of occupational safety training", responsibility for organizing timely and high-quality training and testing knowledge is assigned to his manager, and in structural divisions (workshop, site, laboratory, workshop) - to the manager divisions. Repeated instruction on labor protection is carried out directly by the head (manufacturer) of work (foreman, foreman, head of a structural unit, head of a department), who has undergone training in labor protection in accordance with the established procedure and knowledge of labor protection requirements (clause 2.1.3 of the resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and the Ministry of Education Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 1/29). In this case, repeated briefings with department heads are carried out by a superior person - chief engineer, deputy chief engineer, employer.
5 ) What is the frequency of checking the condition of the protective grounding (grounding)?
Clause 3.7 of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03): the premises where workstations with a PC are located must be equipped with protective grounding (grounding) in accordance with the technical requirements for operation.
Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 N 6 "On approval of the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations", clause 2.7.9, visual examinations of the visible part of the grounding device should be carried out according to the schedule, but at least once every 6 monthsresponsible for the consumer's electrical equipment or an employee authorized by him.
During the inspection, the condition of the contact connections between the protective conductor and the equipment, the presence of an anti-corrosion coating, and the absence of breaks are assessed.
The results of inspections should be entered in the passport of the grounding device.
Thus, visual inspections of the visible part of the grounding device should be carried out according to the schedule, but at least once every 6 months, by the person responsible for the consumer's electrical equipment or by an employee authorized by him.
6 ) What is the legal status of regulatory legal acts on labor protection issued by various ministries and departments (primarily the Ministry of Labor of Russia) and, due to various circumstances, have not passed legal expertise and state registration with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation?
Clarification of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation
7 ) Should electric and gas welders undergo special training in a specialized organization for the transportation of dangerous goods, if they themselves deliver cylinders (with oxygen and propane) on a special trolley from the storage area with cylinders to the place of work?
Transportation of dangerous goods by road is carried out on the basis of the following documents:
Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated 08.08.95 N 73 "Rules for the carriage of dangerous goods by road (as amended on October 14, 1999)" (hereinafter - the "Order");
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272 "On approval of the Rules for the carriage of goods by road (as amended on December 30, 2011)", clause 3: transportation of dangerous goods by road in urban, suburban and intercity traffic is carried out in accordance with the requirements, established by Annexes A and B of the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road of 30 September 1957 (ADR) and these Regulations.
According to clause 5.1.2 and clause 5.2 of the Order, the requirements for training and admission are established only for the driver allocated for the transport of dangerous goods and for the personnel serving the transport of dangerous goods, respectively. Requirements for the training of electric and gas welders carrying out the transportation of cylinders from the storage place to the place where the cylinders are being worked are not established normatively.
How often should step ladders and ladders be tested, what are the requirements for these structures? Indeed, at work and at home, their breakdown can cause serious injuries. To reduce the likelihood of such cases, regular tests of ladders and stepladders of various designs are required.
Steps and Ladders Test Objectives
The main thing in testing is to achieve safety. Although many will find it strange to repeat this procedure. It would seem that it is enough to check this inventory only upon acceptance after manufacture. In fact, this is not enough. To understand this, it is enough to consider the cases of application of these devices.
Figure 1. Installation for testing ladders.Firefighters use the stairs. For the manufacture of these, steel is used. This wonderful material has a peculiarity: it is corrosive. Traces of it over time can have a big impact on the strength of the structure and on its bearing capacity, ultimately leading to injury.
Bricklayers, illuminators, and plasterers often use stepladders and ladders made of aluminum. The fatigue of this metal leads to cracks and other mechanical damage that are not immediately visible to the naked eye. Stepladders and ladders treads can collapse and injure workers due to heavy loads. The same applies to all moving joints of the ladder. It is better to identify such places in advance.
Dry wood is a good dielectric. Wooden stepladders and ladders are most often used by electricians in their work. But any wood is subject to decay, wood borers gnaw it. Therefore, wooden products also need regular strength checks. Operation can be extended by treating parts with antiseptics or drying oil.
Timing of step ladders
Figure 2. Stand for testing ladders.rules fire safety require testing stairs and ladders at different times. Paragraph 41 states that verification is carried out once a year, and tests - once every 5 years. Based on the results of the check, the test can be assigned to more than early dates... The standard test periods for industrial products are as follows:
- aluminum and steel - once a year;
- wooden - every 6 months.
All ladders and ladders are checked even before the start of their operation, immediately after purchase, as well as after overhaul. Overhaul should be considered any repair action, except for painting products. In many factories, the inspection and testing mission is entrusted to the safety engineer or simply anyone else who works. In schools, this person is most often a physical education or labor teacher. There are various orders on different topics, but no normative document provides complete information.
But test installations (Fig. No. 1) and stands (Fig. No. 2) for testing ladders and stepladders exist. Any action to conduct tests (Fig. No. 3) is formalized by a special act (Fig. No. 4), which is able to solve some of the problems in the field of compliance with safety regulations.
How is inspection and testing done? Verification is a visual inspection of a structure. The tests are carried out by creating static loads on the elements. During visual inspection, the following are subject to inspection:
Figure 3. Ladder prepared for bench testing.- inventory number;
- no damage;
- lack of deformation;
- product stability.
The inventory number must match the entry in the accounting journal. All connections and integral elements should not have cracks, backlash and other imperfections. Bowstrings of stairs and stepladders must be free of dents and curvatures. On a flat floor, the ladder stands on all legs, and the ladder does not roll to the right or left. Rubber shoes are put on at the ends of the supports. When working on the ground, special anti-slip sharp tips are used. Sharp edges and protrusions, chips, burrs and splinters should be completely absent. Steel products have an anti-corrosion coating. All these are GOST requirements.
There are instructions for testing. It regulates the efforts applied, the position of the ladder, the direction of the load. The angle between the bowstring of the ladder and the horizon during the tests shall be 75 °. The three-knee structure extends to its full length. The stepladder is placed on a flat surface. The static load lasts 2 minutes. The tests are carried out in the following order:
- a load of 200 kg is hung on the lower rung of the stairs;
- then each string is loaded with 100 kg;
- at the end of the test, the middle of the middle knee is loaded with a weight of 200 kg;
- if during inspection damage to other steps is noticed, each of them should be checked.
After removing all loads, the product is carefully checked visually again. There should be no backlash, cracks, deformations and weakening in movable joints on it. During bench tests, a dynamometer is used to control the load. The main safety condition is the complete absence of people near or under the structure. The results are recorded in the act. It includes:
- list of commission members and their positions;
- a description of the order of work, a list of elements with loads applied to them;
- inventory numbers of products;
- list of defects or their absence;
- a list of products with their inventory numbers that have been tested;
- a list of products with claims and recommendations regarding their further use (disposal or repair).
The date of the new test is indicated next to the number on the tested products. Cracks up to 100 mm long and up to 5 mm deep are allowed on wooden products. Metal (steel) structures are coated with an anti-corrosion compound or paint.
Conclusion on the topic
Ladders and stepladders are used in production and in everyday life. They are metal and wooden. Aluminum are lightweight and highly reliable. They are completely non-corrosive. For home use, this is ideal. Steel ladders have strength and reliability, they are more suitable for production. Their disadvantage is their high weight and susceptibility to corrosion. Wooden ones can be made by hand. But the finished structures have a high weight and exposure to the environment. They should be periodically covered with protective equipment.
They get tired and worn out over time. For this reason, they should be inspected and tested with a certain frequency. Record the received data in acts.
Ladders that have passed the test are tagged with the date of the next test.
The video talks about different types stepladders.
A sample tag is developed individually at each enterprise.
46. \u200b\u200bRequirements for ladders and stepladders
Control over the condition of stairs and ladders is carried out by responsible persons appointed by the order of the enterprise
On all ladders and stepladders in operation, on the bowstrings, the inventory number, the date of the next test, the belonging to the workshop (site, etc.) must be indicated.
Inspection of ladders and stepladders during testing is carried out by a responsible person from among the engineers, and before use - by the worker himself.
When examining wooden stairs, one should pay attention to compliance with technical requirements, to the condition of the wood, as well as to the quality of coating impregnation. Cracks in steps and bowstring are allowed no more than 100 mm long and no more than 5 mm deep. In this case, the cracks should not weaken the bowstring and steps of the ladder. Any filling of cracks or fractures with putty, gluing or other means is prohibited. The knees of the sliding ladders should slide out and slide smoothly, securely lock at any given height, and should not spontaneously fold. The stops that end the bowstrings must be tightly fixed and have no backlash. When the rubber shoes are abraded, the latter must be replaced; dull tips must be sharpened.
When examining metal stairs, you should make sure that there is no deformation of the nodes, cracks in the metal, burrs, sharp edges, and violation of the fastenings of the steps of the stairs.
All portable ladders and ladders must undergo periodic tests under static load: metal ladders and ladders - once every 12 months, wooden ladders and ladders - once every 6 months.
During the static test, attached and sliding wooden and metal ladders are installed on a solid foundation and lean against the wall or structure at an angle of 75 0 to the horizontal plane.
The test of ladders and stepladders is carried out by hanging a static load weighing 120 kilograms from the steps and bowstrings. The duration of each test is 2 minutes.
The date and results of periodic inspections and tests of ladders and ladders are recorded in the Register and inspection of rigging equipment, mechanisms and devices.
Ladders should be stored in dry rooms in places where accidental mechanical damage is excluded.
It is prohibited to work from a ladder, standing on a step located at a distance of less than 1 meter from the upper end.
It is forbidden to work on ladders and ladders:
- above and next to rotating machinery, working machines, conveyors, etc .;
- using electric and pneumatic tools, construction and assembly guns;
- when performing gas and electric welding works;
when pulling wires and holding heavy parts, etc.
When installing an extension ladder in conditions where it is possible to displace its upper end, the latter must be secured to stable structures.
When working with a ladder in places with heavy traffic, to prevent falls from accidental shocks (regardless of the presence of tips at the ends of the ladder), the installation site should be fenced or guarded. In the case when it is impossible to fix the ladder when it is installed on a smooth tiled floor, a worker in a helmet should stand at its base and hold the ladder in a stable position. In other cases, it is prohibited to support the ladder below with your hands.
It is prohibited to install a ladder on the steps of the staircase flights.
When moving the ladder together, it is necessary to carry it with the tips back, warning oncoming. When carrying the ladder by one worker, it should be in an inclined position so that its top is raised above the ground by at least 2 meters.
Wooden ladders and ladders over 3 meters in length must have at least two metal tie bolts, which are installed under the lower and upper steps.
The total length of an attached wooden ladder should not exceed 5 meters.
The steps of wooden stairs must be cut into the bowstring and fastened with tie bolts with a diameter of at least 8 mm every 2 meters. It is prohibited to use ladders knocked down by nails without fastening the bowstring with bolts and cutting steps into the bowstring.
The use of portable metal ladders in switchgears with a voltage of 220 kV and below is prohibited.
Ladders with metal reinforcement along the bowstring should be considered metal when used in electrical installations.
Control over the condition of ladders and stepladders should be carried out by the person responsible for their operation.
Ladders and stepladders are inspected by this person during testing, and before use the worker himself.
When examining wooden stairs, you should pay attention to the condition of the wood, as well as the quality of the impregnation of the coatings.
Cracks in steps and bowstring are allowed in length no more than 100 and a depth of no more than 5 mm. In this case, the cracks should not weaken the bowstring and steps of the ladder. Any sealing cracks or breaks putty, pasting or other means is prohibited.
The knees of the sliding ladders should slide out and out smoothly and securely lock at any given height. They should not spontaneously fold
On examination metal stairs make sure that there are no knots deformation, cracks in the metal, burrs, sharp edges, violations of the fastening of steps to the bowstrings.
On examination rope ladders it is necessary to make sure that the rope has no breaks, cuts, loose sections, bowstrings are securely connected to the steps without loosening the knots.
All portable ladders and stepladders are tested by static load after manufacture and overhaul, as well as periodically during operation:
- metal ladders and ladders Once every 12 months;
- wooden ladders and stepladders Once every 6 months;
- rope suspended ladders - Once every 6 months.
Tests bowstringcarried out in 2 steps. First, a weight of 100 kg is applied to each bowstring in the middle. All knees are tested in turn. After removing the weight, a weight is applied to both bowstrings in the middle of the knee 200 kg.
Stepladdersbefore testing, they are installed in a working position on a level horizontal platform. A load is suspended from an unreinforced step in the middle of the stairs. 120 kg.
To test chains, hooks and locking devices for sliding ladders the latter are suspended by hooks in a vertical position and a load is suspended from the bottom step 200 kg After removing the load, there should be no cracks in the welding points of the chain links, as well as deformation of these links and locking devices.
Rope and metal suspended ladders are tested in working position. The ladder is suspended vertically and attached to the structure with two clamps. Suspended to the middle of the bottom step load 120 kg.
Test time 2 min.
Test metal folding portable ladder carried out by hanging the load 200 kg to the upper stage of the seventh section during 5 minutes. In this case, deformation, cracks and other damage are not allowed.
Date and results of periodic inspections and tests of ladders and ladders are recorded in the "Journal of accounting and inspection of rigging means, mechanisms and devices"
All ladders and stepladders must be inspected before use. work producer without a log entry.