Task formulation:

4. In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly. Write this word down.

accepted

kitchen

dispensary

Answer: drills.

What do students need to know to complete the task correctly?

ORTHOEPHICAL STANDARDS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.

Distinctive features of Russian accent are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, spelling - on the third, etc.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes place (compare: tonn - tons and stena - stEnu - stENam and stenam).

Stress in adjectives.

In full forms of adjectives, only fixed stress is possible on the stem or on the ending. Low-frequency and literary words are often stressed on the base, while high-frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending.

The degree of mastery of a word is manifested in the variants of the stress place: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, since both options are considered correct.!!!

1. Choosing the place of stress most often causes difficulties in short forms of adjectives. The stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc.

2. The emphasis often falls on the stem in the form of masculine, neuter, and more. numbers and endings in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.

3. It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in the comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on the suffix -ee: strongA - stronger, sick - sicker, zhiva - lively, slender - slimmer, right - righter; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more disgusting. The same applies to the superlative form.

Stress on verbs.

1. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, groan - groan. hide - hid, start - started.

2. The group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the emphasis in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs to take. be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - pour - pour - pour - pour - pour. Derivative verbs are also pronounced in the same way (to live, to take, to finish, to spill, etc.).

3. Verbs with the prefix you- have stress on the prefix: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, CALL - called out.

4. For the verbs put, steal, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: krAl, slAl, sent, stlA.

5. Quite often in reflexive verbs (in comparison with non-reflexive ones), the emphasis in the past tense form shifts to the ending: begin - began, began, started, began; accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.

6. About the pronunciation of the verb to call in the conjugated form. Recent spelling dictionaries quite rightly continue to recommend the emphasis on the ending: calling, calling, calling, calling, calling.

Stress in some participles and gerunds.

1. The most frequent fluctuations in stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the emphasis in the full form is on the suffix -yonn-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: carried out - carried out, carried out, carried out, carried out; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported.

2. A few notes on the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -t-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form -o-, -nu- have stress on them, then in participles it will move one syllable forward: polot - hollow, prick - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped.

3. Participles often have the stress on the same syllable as in the indefinite form of the corresponding verb: investing, asking, filling, occupying, washing down, exhausting (IMPOSSIBLE: exhausted), starting, raising, living, watering, putting, understanding, betraying, having undertaken, arrived, accepted, sold, cursed, shed, permeated, drunk, created.

Stress in adverbs should mainly be studied by memorizing and referring to a spelling dictionary.

I provide a list of words that appear in task No. 4 (you need to learn it).

Nouns

AIRPORTS, stationary stress on 4th syllable

bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable

beard, vin.p., only in this form singular. stress on 1st syllable

accountants, gen.p.pl.h., immovable stress on 2nd syllable

religion, confession of faith

water pipes

gas pipeline

citizenship

Hyphen, from German, where the emphasis is on the 2nd syllable

cheapness

dispensary, the word comes from English. language through the French language, where the blow. always on the last syllable

agreement

document

blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable

significance, from adj. significant

Iksy, im.p. plural, motionless emphasis

catalogue, in the same row as the words dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc.

quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

kilometer, on a par with the words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter...

conus, conus, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular and plural.

CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable

Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire

lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s)

localities, gender, plural, on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news

garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline

intention

obituary, see catalog

hatred

pipeline

NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES

Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all singular forms

provision

Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager

partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable

briefcase

dowry, noun

call, on a par with the words call, review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication)

orphans, im.p.pl., emphasis in all forms of plural. only on the 2nd syllable

means, im.p.mn.h.

stolYar, in the same poison with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar...

convocation, see call

shorthand

dancer

Cakes, cakes

fluorography

Christian

scarves, see bows

driver, in the same row as the words kiosk, controller...

expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable

Adjectives

true, short adj. w.r.

pear

old

significant

most beautiful, excellent.st.

kitchen

dexterity, short adj. w.r.

salmon

mosaic

insightful, short adj. zh.r., on a par with the words cute, fussy, talkative..., but: gluttonous

plum, derived from plum

Verbs

Pamper, on a par with the words pamper, spoil, spoil..., but: darling of fate

favor

take-takeA

take-under

take-take

take up

turn on, turn on,

turn it on, turn it on

join in - join in

burst-burst

perceive-perceived

recreate-recreated

hand it over

drive-drive

chase-chased

get-got

get-got

wait-wait

get through - get through

They're getting through

dose

wait-waited

live-lived

seal

borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed

locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)

call-call

Call-call, call, call, call

exclude-exclude

exhaust

put-klaL

sneak-sneak

bleed

lie-lie

pour-lila

flow-flow

Lie-lied

endow-endow

overstrained-strained

to be called-to be called

tilt-tilt

pour-poured

narvat-narwhal

Litter-LitterIt

start-started, started, started

Call-callIt

Make it easier - make it easier

wet yourself

hug-hug

overtake-overtaken

RIP-RIPED

encourage

take heart, take heart

aggravate

borrow-borrow

Angry

surround-surround

seal, in the same row with the words form, normalize, sort...

To be defiled - to be defiled

inquire - inquire

depart-departed

give-gave

Unlock-Unlock

revoke-revoked

respond-responded

Call back-call backIt

overflow-overflow

mold

fruit

Repeat-repeat

call-called

call-call-call-call

water-water

put-put

I understand, I understand

send-sent

arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived

accept-accepted-accepted - accepted

force

tear-tear

drill-drill-drill-drill

remove-remove

create-created

rip off

Litter-Litter

remove-remove

speed up

deepen

strengthen-strengthen

moveSecure

It's a pinch-it's a pinch

Participles

spoiled

included-included, see demoted

delivered

folded

busy-busy

locked-locked

populated-populated

Spoiled, see spoiled

feeding

bleeding

profited

acquired-acquired

poured - poured

hired

started

brought down-brought down, see included...

encouraged-encouraged-encouraged

aggravated

definite-determined

disabled

repeated

divided

understood

accepted

tamed

lived

removed-removed

bent

Participles

sealed

starting

Adverbs

Don't

enviably, in the meaning of the predicate

ahead of time, colloquial

after dark

more beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparative art.

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FIPI Orthoepic Dictionary 2017

Nouns (37):

AeropOrty, fixed stress on 4th syllable

Bants, fixed stress on the 1st syllable

BEARD, V. p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable

Accountant, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable

Religion, from: confess faith

Citizenship

Hyphen, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

Dispenser, the word came from English through French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Agreement

Document

Leisure

Jalousie, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Significance, from the adjective significant

Catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc.

KvartAl, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

Selfishness

Cranes, fixed stress on 1st syllable

LECTORS, LECTORS, see the word bANT(s)

Localities, R. p., pl. h., on a par with word forms: honors, jaws..., but: news

Intention

NedUg

NEWS, NEWS, BUT: see the word localities

NAIL, NAIL, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.

Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager

PartEr, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Briefcase

Handrails

Beet

Orphans, I. p., plural. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable

Means, I. p., pl. h.

Convening

Customs

Cakes, cakes

Chain

Scarves, see bows

Driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...

Expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Adjectives (10):

VernA, short adj. and. R.

Significant

Most beautiful, adj. superlative

Kitchen

Lovka, short adj. and. R.

Mosaic

Wholesale

Perspicacious, short adj. and. r., in the same row with the words: cute, fussy, talkative..., but: gluttonous

Plum, derived from: plum

Verbs (79):

Take - tookA

BROTHER - took

Take - tookA

Take up - take up

Join in - joined in

Burst - burst in

Perceive - perceived

Recreate - recreated

Hand over - hand over

Drive - drove

Chase - chased

get - got it

get there - got there

Wait - waited

Get through - get through, get through

Wait - waitedA

To live - to live

ZachStrengthen

Borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed

LOCK - LOCKED

Lock up - locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)

Call - called

Call - call, call, call

Put - put

Glue

Sneak - sneak

Lie - lied

pour - lilA

FLOWS - FLOWS

Lie - lied

Endow - endow

Overstrained - overstrained

To be called - called

To tilt - to tilt

Pour - poured

Narvat - narwhala

Start - started, started, started

Call - call

make it easier - make it easier

Wet yourself - wet yourself

Hug - hugged

Overtake - overtaken

RIP - RIP

encourage

Cheer up - take heart

escalate

Borrow - lend

AngryBeat

Paste

surround - surround

Sealed, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort...

Get to know - get to know

Depart - departed

Give - gave

Open - unlocked

revoke - revoked

respond - responded

pour - poured

Fruit

Repeat - repeat

Call - called

Call - call You will call

Water - watered

Put - put

Understand - got it

Send - sent

Arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived

accept - accepted - accepted

Tear - tore

Drill - drill - drill

Remove - removedA

Create - created

Tear off - ripped off

remove - removed

DEEPEN

Strengthen - strengthen

scoop

It pinches - it pinches

Click

Participles (22):

Delivered

Folded

Busy - busy

LOCKED - LOCKED

Populated - populated

Endowed

Acquired

NalitA

Started

STARTED

Reduced - brought down

Encouraged - encouraged - encouraged

Exacerbated

Disabled

Repeated

Divided

UNDERSTAND

Accepted

Tamed

lived

Removed - removed

Bent

Participles (6):

STARTED

Starting

OtdAv

Raised

MonYav

Arrived

Adverbs (11):

During

DobelA

TO THE TOP

Don't

DONIZU

TO DRY

AT DARK

More beautiful, adj. and adv. comparatively

Top

For a long time

NenOld

Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language - a dictionary of Russian words indicating their literary pronunciation and stress. Often spelling dictionaries and stress dictionaries are considered equivalent. However, the correct pronunciation of some words of the Russian language is reflected precisely by the spelling dictionary, as it notes unpronounceable consonants in the root (sun, agency), the pronunciation of [e] instead of [e] (baby, meringue, manager), the use of the letter e instead of ё (scam, a not a scam; engraver, not engraver), endings in words (demonic, not demonic; visa, not visa), the combination -chn- (bakery [sh]) and other norms.

List of ofroepic dictionaries indicating the author, title and year of publication:

• Verbitskaya L.A. and others. Let's speak correctly! Difficulties of modern Russian pronunciation and stress: A brief dictionary-reference book. M., 2003.
• Gorbachevich K. S. Dictionary of difficulties in pronunciation and stress in modern Russian: 1200 words. St. Petersburg, 2000.
• Ivanova T. F., Cherkasova T. A. Russian speech on the air. Comprehensive reference book. M., 2000.
• Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language: Pronunciation, stress, grammatical forms / S. N. Borunova, V. L. Vorontsova, N. A. Eskova; Ed. R.I. Avanesova. M., 1983; 4th ed., erased. M., 1988; 5th ed., rev. and additional M., 1989; 8th ed., rev. and additional M., 2000.
• Kalenchuk M. L., Kasatkina R. F. Dictionary of difficulties of Russian pronunciation: Ok. 15,000 words. M., 1997.
• Borunova S.N. et al. Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language: Pronunciation, stress, grammatical forms. OK. 63,500 words / Ed. R.I. Avanesova. M., 1983.
• Vorontsova V. L. Russian literary emphasis of the 18th – 20th centuries. Forms of inflection. M., 1979.
• Russian literary pronunciation and stress / Ed. R. I. Avanesova, S. I. Ozhegova. M., 1955; 2nd ed. M., 1960.
• Avanesov R.I. Russian literary pronunciation. M., 1950; 5th ed. M., 1972
• Ogienko I. I. Russian literary accent. 2nd ed. 1914.

A list of accent dictionaries is provided at

Among the 27 KIM tasks in the Russian language in 2019, there will traditionally be questions on orthoepics, so at the preparation stage it is important to learn all the words included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Exam compiled by FIPI.

Orthoepy is a section of the Russian language that studies the norms and rules of pronunciation of words and stress placement.

Orthoepic norms in oral speech

Compliance with orthoepic norms is an important parameter for assessing oral speech, because incorrect pronunciation of words and incorrect stress hurt the ears of others and characterize the speaker as an illiterate and uneducated person.

Among the millions of words that everyone knows, there is a small group that many people find difficult to remember.

It is worth noting that the norms of orthoepy are not something static. Over time, the pronunciation of some words changes under the influence of a variety of factors. All modern norms are collected in an orthoepic dictionary, but to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian in 2019, 11th grade graduates will need to know the orthoepic minimum well enough, which includes about 300 words.

Structure of KIM 2019

The Unified State Exam in Russian lasts 3.5 hours (210 minutes).

The 2019 Russian language pass will include 27 tasks, 5 of which will be aimed at testing the graduate’s command of the language standards of oral speech. Among these 2019 Unified State Exam tasks there will definitely be questions on the placement of stress in words included in the spelling minimum.

All ticket tasks will be divided into difficulty levels as follows:

Thus, for correctly completing 27 tasks, the examinee will be able to score 58 primary points.

List of words for spelling tasks

Especially for 11th grade students preparing for the Unified State Exam 2019, FIPI has compiled an orthoepic minimum - a mini-dictionary that contains all the stressed vowels in words that are difficult to remember.

We bring to your attention such a dictionary with a convenient division of words alphabetically and indicating the correct stress.